"The DNA Sequence of Human Chromosome 22".

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I. DUNHAM ¹, A. R. HUNT ¹, J. E. COLLINS ¹, R. BRUSKIEWICH ¹, D. M. BEARE ¹, M. CLAMP ¹, L. J. SMINK ¹, R. AINSCOUGH ¹, J. P. ALMEIDA ¹, A. BABBAGE ¹, C. BAGGULEY ¹, J. BAILEY ¹, K. BARLOW ¹, K. N. BATES ¹, O. BEASLEY ¹, C. P. BIRD ¹, S. BLAKEY ¹, A. M. BRIDGEMAN ¹, D. BUCK ¹, J. BURGESS ¹, W. D. BURRILL ¹, J. BURTON ¹, C. CARDER ¹, N. P. CARTER ¹, Y. CHEN ¹, G. CLARK ¹, S. M. CLEGG ¹, V. COBLEY ¹, C. G. COLE ¹, R. E. COLLIER ¹, R. E. CONNOR ¹, D. CONROY ¹, N. CORBY ¹, G. J. COVILLE ¹, A. V. COX ¹, J. DAVIS ¹, E. DAWSON ¹, P. D. DHAMI ¹, C. DOCKREE ¹, S. J. DODSWORTH ¹, R. M. DURBIN ¹, A. ELLINGTON ¹, K. L. EVANS ¹, J. M. FEY ¹, K. FLEMING ¹, L. FRENCH ¹, A. A. GARNER ¹, J. G. R. GILBERT ¹, M. E. GOWARD ¹, D. GRAFHAM ¹, M. N. GRIFFITHS ¹, C. HALL ¹, R. HALL ¹, G. HALL-TAMLYN ¹, R. W. HEATHCOTT ¹, S. HO ¹, S. HOLMES ¹, S. E. HUNT ¹, M. C. JONES ¹, J. KERSHAW ¹, A. KIMBERLEY ¹, A. KING ¹, G. K. LAIRD ¹, C. F. LANGFORD ¹, M. A. LEVERSHA ¹, C. LLOYD ¹, D. M. LLOYD ¹, I. D. MARTYN ¹, M. MASHREGHI-MOHAMMADI ¹, L. MATTHEWS ¹, O. T. MCCANN ¹, J. MCCLAY ¹, S. MCLAREN ¹, A. A. MCMURRAY ¹, S. A. MILNE ¹, B. J. MORTIMORE ¹, C. N. ODELL ¹, R. PAVITT ¹, A. V. PEARCE ¹, D. PEARSON ¹, B. J. PHILLIMORE ¹, S. H. PHILLIPS ¹, R. W. PLUMB ¹, H. RAMSAY ¹, Y. RAMSEY ¹, L. ROGERS ¹, M. T. ROSS ¹, C. E. SCOTT ¹, H. K. SEHRA ¹, C. D. SKUCE ¹, S. SMALLEY ¹, M. L. SMITH ¹, C. SODERLUND ¹, L. SPRAGON ¹, C. A. STEWARD ¹, J. E. SULSTON ¹, R. M. SWANN ¹, M. VAUDIN ¹, M. WALL ¹, J. M. WALLIS ¹, M. N. WHITELEY ¹, D. WILLEY ¹, L. WILLIAMS ¹, S. WILLIAMS ¹, H. WILLIAMSON ¹, T. E. WILMER ¹, L. WILMING ¹, C. L. WRIGHT ¹, T. HUBBARD ¹, D. R. BENTLEY ¹, S. BECK ¹, J. ROGERS ¹, N. SHIMIZU ², S. MINOSHIMA ², K. KAWASAKI ², T. SASAKI ², S. ASAKAWA ², J. KUDOH ², A. SHINTANI ², K. SHIBUYA ², Y. YOSHIZAKI ², N. AOKI ², S. MITSUYAMA ², B. A. ROE ³, F. CHEN ³, L. CHU ³, J. CRABTREE ³, S. DESCHAMPS ³, A. DO ³, T. DO ³, A. DORMAN ³, F. FANG ³, Y. FU ³, P. HU ³, A. HUA ³, S. KENTON ³, H. LAI ³, H. I. LAO ³, J. LEWIS ³, S. LEWIS ³, S.-P. LIN ³, P. LOH ³, E. MALAJ ³, T. NGUYEN ³, H. PAN ³, S. PHAN ³, S. QI ³, Y. QIAN ³, L. RAY ³, Q. REN ³, S. SHAULL ³, D. SLOAN ³, L. SONG ³, Q. WANG ³, Y. WANG ³, Z. WANG ³, J. WHITE ³, D. WILLINGHAM ³, H. WU ³, Z. YAO ³, M. ZHAN ³, G. ZHANG ³, S. CHISSOE ⁴, J. MURRAY ⁴, N. MILLER ⁴, P. MINX ⁴, R. FULTON ⁴, D. JOHNSON ⁴, G. BEMIS ⁴, D. BENTLEY ⁴, H. BRADSHAW ⁴, S. BOURNE ⁴, M. CORDES ⁴, Z. DU ⁴, L. FULTON ⁴, D. GOELA ⁴, T. GRAVES ⁴, J. HAWKINS ⁴, K. HINDS ⁴, K. KEMP ⁴, P. LATREILLE ⁴, D. LAYMAN ⁴, P. OZERSKY ⁴, T. ROHLFING ⁴, P. SCHEET ⁴, C. WALKER ⁴, A. WAMSLEY ⁴, P. WOHLDMANN ⁴, K. PEPIN ⁴, J. NELSON ⁴, I. KORF ⁴, J. A. BEDELL ⁴, L. HILLIER ⁴, E. MARDIS ⁴ , R. WATERSTON ⁴, R. WILSON ⁴, B. S. EMANUEL ⁵, T. SHAIKH ⁵, H. KURAHASHI ⁵, S. SAITTA ⁵, M. L. BUDARF ⁶, H. E. MCDERMID ⁶, A. JOHNSON ⁶, A. C. C. WONG ⁶, B. E. MORROW ⁷, L. EDELMANN ⁷, U. J. KIM ⁸, H. SHIZUYA ⁸, M. I. SIMON ⁸, J. P. DUMANSKI ⁹, M. PEYRARD ⁹, D. KEDRA ⁹, E. SEROUSSI ⁹, I. FRANSSON ⁹, I. TAPIA ⁹, C. E. BRUDER ⁹& K. P. O'BRIEN ⁹

Addresses:

¹ The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA UK.
² Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
³ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 311, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
⁴ Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
⁵ Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
⁷ Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
⁸ California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
⁹ Department of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8.00, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract:

Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome.

Additional References:

1. "The DNA Sequence of Human Chromosome 21".

2. "A BAC-Based Physical Map of the Major Autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster".

3. "The Fourth Chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster: Euchromatic and Heterochromatic Domains".

4. "Ultrastructural Continuity Between Active and Repressed Chromatin".

5. "Mechanisms of Repression and De-Repression within InterphaseChromatin".

6. "Oncogenes as Molecular Targets within Active Chromatin".