"Identification of 13 novel human modification guide RNAs".

Patrice Vitali, Hélène Royo ¹, Hervé Seitz ¹, Jean-Pierre Bachellerie ¹, Alexander Hüttenhofer, and Jérôme Cavaillé ^1, *

Institute for Molecular Biology, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and
¹ Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, UMR 5099 du CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31602 Toulouse Cedex, France

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 5 61 33 59 34; Fax: 33 5 61 33 58 86;
Email:  cavaille@ibcg.biotoul.fr
Correspondence may also be addressed to Alexander Hüttenhofer. Tel: +43 512 507 3630; Fax: +43 512 507 9880;   Email:   alexander.huettenhofer@uibk.ac.at

Abstract:

Members of the two expanding RNA subclasses termed C/D and H/ACA RNAs guide the 2'-O-methylations and pseudouridylations, respectively, of rRNA and spliceosomal RNAs (snRNAs). Here, we report on the identification of 13 novel human intron-encoded small RNAs (U94–U106) belonging to the two subclasses of modification guides. Seven of them are predicted to direct 2'-O-methylations in rRNA or snRNAs, while the remainder represent novel orphan RNA modification guides. From these, U100, which is exclusively detected in Cajal bodies (CBs), is predicted to direct modification of a U6 snRNA uridine, U₉, which to date has not been found to be pseudouridylated. Hence, within CBs, U100 might function in the folding pathway or other aspects of U6 snRNA metabolism rather than acting as a pseudouridylation guide. U106 C/D snoRNA might also possess an RNA chaperone activity only since its two conserved antisense elements match two rRNA sequences devoid of methylated nucleotides and located remarkably close to each other within the 18S rRNA secondary structure. Finally, we have identified a retrogene for U99 snoRNA located within an intron of the Siat5 gene, supporting the notion that retro-transposition events might have played a substantial role in the mobility and diversification of snoRNA genes during evolution. 

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euchromatin: "the most active portion of the genome within the cell nucleus".